Shiraz school is styles of a group of artists centered at Shiraz, in southwestern Iran near the ancient city of Persepolis. The school, founded by the Mongol Il-Khans (1256–1353) in mid-14th century, was active through the beginning of the 16th century. During Mongol conquest of Iran, Shiraz was ruled by Salghurids, Atabakan-e-Fars in Persian. They made a conciliation with Mongols and Shiraz remained safe and out of attacks of Mongols. Because of that many artists migrated to Shiraz. This school was a continuity in the previous Persian styles and head the least effects of Chinese painting.

The school reached maturity in about 1410–20, under the Timurids (the dynasty of the Islāmic conqueror Timur, founded 1370). The paintings have a dreamlike and very personal quality. Fewer figures are represented, and they are elongated and stylized in pose and gesture. Faces are expressionless and remote. A system of perspective is introduced. Landscapes, which replace solid-color backgrounds, are represented in fantastic shapes and colors, thus adding to the dream effect. Pale blues, pinks, grays, and white dominate. When the Shīrāz school was coming of age, however, it was overshadowed by the Herāt school at the seat of the Timurids court.